Macroeconomics Student Resource Center

This page contains links to the articles and links pages hosted on Economics at About.com. Most of the major topics in macroeconomics have at least one article associated with them, but this is a work in progress and more will be added every month. Most of the articles come from questions from readers, so if you would like to ask a question about macroeconomics, please use the feedback form. Be sure to also visit the Economics Glossary if youre looking for definitions, and Economics From A-to-Z for resources on other topics. The pages Macroeconomics Tips and Tricks and Macroeconomics Resources contain many links to other pages which contain macroeconomics information, so if what youre looking for is not here, Id suggest trying there. Term paper tips and topics can be found at Economics Term Paper Help. If you need practice economics questions, Test Yourself Macroeconomics (offsite) is the site to visit. Now to the resources! Business Cycles - Macroeconomics Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators and the Business CycleBusiness Cycle Links Economic Data - Macroeconomics Quarterly Economic DataImport and Exports Data Economic Growth - Macroeconomics The Effect of Income Taxes on Economic Growth Economic Indicators - Macroeconomics Beginners Guide to Economic Indicators Exchange Rates - Macroeconomics A Beginners Guide to Exchange RatesExchange Rates: What to Use as the Base?The Canadian Exchange Rate Financial Markets - Macroeconomics How Markets Use Information to Set PricesStock Market Resource CenterInsider Trading: What Did Martha Do?Interpreting The Price/Earnings RatioDo Changes in Stock Prices Cause Recessions?What Does The Value of the Dow Jones Represent?What is Arbitrage?When Stock Prices Go Down, Where Does the Money Go?Banking in IndiaFinance LinksStock Market Links Fiscal Policy The Logic of Collective Action Inflation and Deflation Cost-Push Inflation vs. Demand-Pull InflationDeflation Resource CenterWhy Dont Prices Decline During A Recession?What is Deflation and How Can It Be Prevented?Why Not Just Print More Money?Inflation Links Interest Rates The Dividend Tax Cut and Interest RatesInterest Rate Links Monetary Policy Expansionary Monetary Policy vs. Contractionary Monetary PolicyWhy Not Just Print More Money?Federal Reserve Links Money Money Resource CenterWhat Was The Gold Standard?What Is The Demand For Money?How Much Is The Per-Capita Money Supply?Why Does Money Have Value?Are Credit Cards a Form of Money?What is Arbitrage?When Stock Prices Go Down, Where Does the Money Go?Why Not Just Print More Money?Money Links Natural Resources We Will Never Run Out of OilSoftwood Lumber Dispute Resource Center Nominal and Real Variables The Difference Between Nominal and Real Recessions and Depressions Why Dont Prices Decline During A Recession?Do Changes in Stock Prices Cause Recessions?The Difference Between a Recession and a Depression Short Run vs. Long Run The Difference Between Short and Long Run Tariffs and Trade The Economic Effect of TariffsDoes Freer Trade Lead To Lower Environmental Standards?Softwood Lumber Dispute Resource CenterImport and Exports DataWhy Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas? Taxes Fair Tax Resource CenterThe Effect of Income Taxes on Economic GrowthThe Dividend Tax Cut and Interest RatesTax Policy LinksWhy Are Tariffs Preferable to Quotas?The Economic Effect of Tariffs

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay - 2817 Words

When we place our first step into the world of business, we have heard businessmen speak expressively about the aim of the company is to make profit and not to address social responsibilities. This is only certain truth to this statement as the world we live in now is evolving. People in the current era are more concern about social responsibility especially with corporations and their behaviours and plans. There is an increasing demand on businesses to have a â€Å"social conscience† and taking serious responsibility for providing employment, eliminating discrimination, ethical working environment and whatever else is related to having a â€Å"social conscience†. In today’s business world, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an essential†¦show more content†¦Economic Responsibilities means that the organization must have adequate profit to be profitable and also be able to cover their operational and financial expenses, which includes paying investors. Legal Responsibilities means that all organisations are expected to follow and obey the relevant laws globally. Law refers to standards and guidelines for fair and ethical practices. Organisations should and must include legal issues into corporation management and always consider legal implications/issues when making business decisions. It is very important that organisations ensure that their operations and procedures comply with the minimum standard of the law and also be ethical at the same time. Ethical Responsibilities also known as moral management is also deployed by organisations. Social issues are very often hard to be address by the law and organisations are enco uraged to think and consider how their decisions can affect socially. Ethical responsibilities also put focus on the relationship between corporation behaviour and society. Lastly at the top of the pyramid is Philanthropic Responsibilities. This is by far the most challenging and difficult component to businesses globally. Businesses are constantly challenged to have the belief that paying back to society can improve the standard of life. The activities at this level are often known as charity and voluntary. Organisations that engage themselves inShow MoreRelatedCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility773 Words   |  4 PagesCorporate social responsibility may also be referred to as corporate citizenship and can involve spending finances that do not directly benefit the company but rather advocate positive social and environmental change. The soul in the next economy forum presentation made it evident that achieving corporate social responsibly in a company can r eap major benefits in terms of finances, more inspiring workplace and customer satisfaction. In the past, companies mistakenly thought that corporate socialRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1990 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate social responsibility is becoming a key initiative and an essential tool in the growth of multinational corporations and the development of third world countries throughout the globe. The two concepts can work hand in hand to provide benefits for all; however difficulties in regulating and implementing corporate social responsibility need to be overcome before effective changes can be made. Definitions of corporate social responsibility can be somewhat varied depending on the perceptionRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility1904 Words   |  8 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility The different aspects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) have been the topic of considerable debate since the last decades of the twentieth century. Main factor for the increased interest on the part of stakeholders in this topic are the increased public awareness and interest in the corporate social responsibility following the Information Revolution. This essay will assess the dangers and benefits of the business ethics for most of the stakeholders – employeesRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2819 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction For the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thought of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibilities2100 Words   |  9 PagesSustainability requires monitoring and managing all the person to ensure that our economy and society can continue to exist without destroying the social and natural environment during development. The sustainability includes three pillars, which are economic, social and environment, forming a triple bottom line. The triple bottom line demands that a company s responsibility lies with stakeholder rather than shareholder. The stake holder is a party who can be affected or affect by the action of the company suchRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility15903 Words   |  64 PagesCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR) is a term describing a company’s obligation to be accountable to all of its stakeholder in all its operation and activities. Socially responsible companies consider the full scope of their impact on communities and the environment when making decisions, balancing the needs of stakeholder with their need to make profit. A company’s stakeholders are all those who are influenced by and can influence a company’s decisions and action, both locally and globally. BusinessRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility3253 Words   |  14 PagesLiving Dangerously in Two Worlds In my paper I will be discussing the topics related to corporate social responsibility. Corporate social responsibility (CSR, also called corporate responsibility, corporate citizenship, and responsible business) is a concept whereby organizations consider the interests of society by taking responsibility for the impact of their activities on customers, suppliers, employees, shareholders, communities and other stakeholders, as well as the environment. This obligationRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2819 Words   |  12 PagesIntroduction For the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thought of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got toRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility : Corporate Responsibility2818 Words   |  12 PagesFor the past years, corporate social responsibility also referred, as corporate conscience has been a respected subject for discussion. Corporate social responsibility, unquestionably, contains more viewpoint than simply worried about the ecological impacts of associations. It came in people groups mind at the later 1880, time of essential modern advancement that associations ought to think about the thou ght of social obligation. Associations that are near to social obligation issues got to be worryRead MoreCorporate Responsibility And Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1867 Words   |  8 PagesStevan Jakovljevic Professor Laud MGT 3550 Values, Ethics and Sustainability 10/18/16 Chapter 3: Define corporate responsibility (CSR). Describe the benefits. Why do some executives support CSR while others find it troublesome and argue against it? Corporate social responsibility is what a company uses to self-regulate itself and refers to business practices involving initiatives that benefit society. A business’s CSR can encompass a wide variety of tactics, from giving away a portion of a company’s

Culturally and Linguistically Inclusive Instruction

Question: Discuss about the Culturally and Linguistically Inclusive Instruction. Answer: Introduction: Inclusive education is a concept which means that every child has the right to have an education. It takes into account the various learning aspects. Inclusion means including each and every child irrespective of cultural, social, geographical, demographic, physical and behavioral differences (Morton, Higgins, MacArthur, Phillips, 2013).The main issue regarding inclusive education is the treatment of inclusion and integration as equivalents. This issue holds more significance for children with disability (Bourke, 2017). There are certain challenges for students with a disability. The failure to recognize a disability is a major problem. It is a challenge to identify a disability (like behavioral issues, developmental delay, and learning issues) during early childhood years. Most parents in Australia fail to accept behavioral disabilities and psychiatric disabilities (Bourke, 2017). Educational institutes in the rural areas do not have proper support services. There are limited numbers of schools that offer the same curriculum to children with special needs (Anderson, Boyle, 2015). Curriculum development is in the initial stages in Australia. There is a lack of awareness among parents regarding the available educational options in special or inclusive schools. Parents do not have the required knowledge regarding the selection of educational services according to the special needs of the child. This lack of information is more visible during early childhood and primary education. Children with a disability have limited access to vocational training. Many parents fail to plan the academic growth for their children with disabilities (Anderson, Boyle, 2015). They are not aware of the services of an aide or role of technology in educational assistance. Literature Review Relevant To the Issue Children with special needs started acquiring some education. These initiatives were aligned with social justice. In the late 1960s, the concept of integration came into existence. This helped the students with disabilities to spend more time in regular classes for various subjects like music and art. The government passed the Disability Discrimination Act in 1992 (Whitburn, 2014). This law was passed for safeguarding the interests of people with disability. Discrimination on the basis of disability was considered as an offense. This act laid the foundation for integration as well as inclusion (Whitburn, 2014). People have started believing that children with disabilities should have access to education. NAPLAN (National Assessment Program for Literacy and Numeracy) helps to analyze the student achievement. On the basis of these testing, resources are allocated to different schools. Children suffering from mental/ intellectual disabilities do not take this test. Thus, the existing testing practices in Australia are not suitable for children with disabilities. More children with special needs are entering schools on a yearly basis according to the Australian Early Development Index. More than 4 percent of entry level students have a disability (Pearce, Gray, Campbell-Evans, 2009). Several teachers and parents worry about the challenges associated with inclusion (Anderson, Boyle, 2015). There are several logics that highlight the importance of special schools due to the high student-to-teacher ratio in a conventional classroom. No research study has been able to prove that special schools for children with disabilities are better in comparison to the conventional classroom setting. Inclusive education means that all children (including those with special needs) should receive a high-quality education. Arguments are being made that children with disabilities should be valued equally (Ballard, 2013). The most significant barrier to inclusive education is the presence of complex procedures for providing support facilities to such children (Morton, Higgins, MacArthur, Phillips, 2013). The lack of awareness about inclusive education leads to micro or macro exclusion. Several researchers have cited examples of micro or macro exclusion but reported them as study regarding inclusive education. Micro exclusion is a concept where a child with special needs is made to sit in a secluded area of school or classroom. In-spite of being enrolled in a normal educational setting, he is not able to participate in learning activities like other children. He may be treated as inferior in comparison to other children belonging to the same age group (Ballard, 2013). This makes him physically present in the same educational setting but not treated as equal. Macro exclusion is a concept where a child with special needs is isolated from the children belonging to his age by keeping him in a separate school or classroom (Ballard, 2013). There are some schools that pay special attention to the children with disabilities. For example, teaching sign language to a child suffering from Down s yndrome in order to help him communicate with his classmates (Garner, Forbes, 2013). A learning unit was introduced by the school about sign language. This unit was for every student in the class. This was helpful for every student because the knowledge about sign language helped the students in communicating with the child suffering from Down syndrome. This makes a perfect example of inclusive education in a classroom setting. But, one cannot ignore the fact that a child with a disability was involved in the learning processes with certain adaptations that he and his classmates had to make (cologon, 2017). The goal of inclusive education is to make all the children learn together without any discrimination. Two types of learning practices can be used in Australia: universal design for learning and differentiated instruction. Differentiation helps to personalize the learning experience for students. This includes providing assistance with writing, reducing the load of homework, giving flexible deadlines for assignments etc (cologon, 2017). This learning practice requires modification in the lessons and assessment techniques. Universal design for learning is based on developing a common curriculum for all students. Possible Solutions to the Issue Parents should be made aware of the availability of every possible option for meeting special needs. It is the responsibility of the parents to choose a suitable educational setting for their children. Parents should opt for an inclusive school because disability support services can be managed in such schools. Thus, an appropriate environment should be created through the collaboration of parents and school authorities according to the level of disability (Australian Human Rights Commission", 2017). The Australian government has already increased the flow of funds for supporting children with disabilities. These funds can make available the required equipment and ancillary staff. The Australian government should ensure that there are no delays in procedures for getting the funds approved. A specific budget should be allocated to schools for meeting the special requirements on the basis of needs rather than on categorization. Support for disabled students should be the top-most priority for the school in comparison to other requirements. A major portion of school/ college finances should be allocated for disability support. It is important to create coordination between different departments like health services and education for children with a disability even in rural areas. School going children with special needs should have access to the required healthcare services including physiotherapy and speech therapy (Australian Human Rights Commission", 2017). The procedures for availing these ancillary services should be simplified. Educational institutes should have the provision to employ trained ancillary staff for meeting the needs of children with special needs. There should be a sufficient number of trained aides, therapists, interpreters, and translators for meeting the requirements of disabled children in Australia . They should be given adequate training for dealing with the sensitivities of their job (Garner, Forbes, 2013). The role of aides should be to assist the children in the process of inclusion rather than distance him from his classmates and teachers. The educational institutes should have provisions for medical assistance and personal care. Several students with disabilities require medical intervention during their school timings. Presently, the availability of trained support and ancillary staff is not uniform. Urban as well as remote areas in Australia should have an adequate number of trained aides, disability support service providers, and personal care assistants (Garner, Forbes, 2013). It is the responsibility of the educational department to have a sufficient number of equipment for meeting the needs of students. The equipment included walking frames, visual aids, hearing aids etc. Adaptation of educational curriculum needs to be done for students belonging to different age groups. A new Australian curriculum should be developed that is accessible to all the students including students with special educational needs. The curriculum needs should include the content and the assessment aspect. It is also required that the content and assessment aspect for students with disabilities should be aligned with that of their fellow classmates. Specialist teachers are required for effective implementation of inclusive education. The role of these specialist teachers increases in secondary schools because in this educational environment major focus is towards diverse subjects, vast curriculums and examinations. The teaching style should take into account the diverse learning abilities of children. Learning through games and group activities can help in creating an inclusive environment( Australian Human Rig hts Commission", 2017). An inclusive learning environment can be created by combining universal design for learning and differentiated instruction. This means that the curriculum and assessment techniques should be designed in a manner that is inclusive in nature. But, there should be scope of individualizing the processes as some students may require additional support. For example, a student with writing problem should be given a choice to present his assignment in a word document or power point presentation (Moriarty, Bennet, 2016). The testing procedures should be revised in order to include every learner. The educational practices should focus on post-school outcomes that include employment opportunities for disabled children.A major challenge in Australia is that there are several academic or vocational courses which cannot be undertaken by children with disability. This creates a problem for such students in acquiring academic qualification and pursuing their professional go als (Moriarty, Bennet, 2016). Thus, it is important to address the curriculum needs. The government should ensure that the implementation of inclusive education practices is consistent. Implications for Inclusive Education Every individual in the society should support and promote the concept of inclusive education in Australia. Government initiatives such as funding can make inclusive education a success. Parents should act responsibility in creating the right educational setting (Warming, 2011). For proper implementation of this educational model, infrastructural and resource development is required. Workload and responsibility will increase for the teachers and school authorities. Additional training and financial resources are required for meeting the requirements of every student especially the students with disabilities. Researchers suggest that class size should be reduced to facilitate inclusive educational setting. This will help the teachers in understanding their students in a better manner and assess their learning capabilities (Moriarty, Bennet, 2016). Researchers suggest that inclusive education has better academic outcomes for all the children (including children with disabilities). There are several benefits associated with the inclusive educational system. This increases the level of self-awareness and develops communication skills. Inclusive education also helps in social development by providing equal opportunities to every child. It also helps to make every child self-dependent and more efficient (Moriarty, Bennet, 2016). Education is the foundation of social and cultural development. There are several challenges associated with inclusive education pertaining to disabled children. The disability should not be restricted to physical handicap Parents need to accept that their child has a disability and inform the school authorities about it. It is important to provide proper personal care assistance to children with special needs (Pearce, Gray, Campbell-Evans, 2009). In Australia, there is a lack of consistency in the disability support services and educational services when a disabled student moves from one educational setting to the other. Special attention is required for students suffering from physical disability, learning difficulties and behavioral problems (Doran, 2016). Children with a disability can attain high levels of education if they receive disability support services. Financial support from the Australian government can help them in acquiring quality education. The Australian governmen t should take responsibility for improving the flow of funds and procedures for availing the ancillary services (Whitburn, 2014). It is the responsibility of the society that a child with a disability should not consider himself as inferior to others (Doran, 2016). The educational system needs to be improved for including every child in the learning process. Vocational training courses should be made available for disabled students. An adequate number of trained teachers, aides. disability support service providers, and personal care assistants should be available for assisting the children in the process of inclusion. The effectiveness of inclusive education can be increased by reducing the class size. The inclusive educational system can help to ensure personal and professional growth for children with disabilities. References Anderson, J., Boyle, C. (2015). Inclusive education in Australia: rhetoric, reality and the road ahead.Support For Learning,30(1), 4-22. Access To Education For Students With A Disability: Barriers And Difficulties | Australian Human Rights Commission. (2017).Humanrights.gov.au. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/publications/access-education-students-disability-barriers-and-difficulties Bourke, P. (2017).Inclusive education reform in Queensland: implications for policy and practice: International Journal of Inclusive Education: Vol 14, No 2.Tandfonline.com. Retrieved 6 April 2017, from https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13603110802504200?journalCode=tied20 Ballard, K. (2013). Thinking in another way: ideas for sustainable inclusion.International Journal Of Inclusive Education,17(8), 762-775. Doran, P. (2016). Teachers self-reported knowledge regarding English learners: perspectives on culturally and linguistically inclusive instruction and intervention.International Journal Of Inclusive Education, 1-15. Garner, P., Forbes, F. (2013). An at-risk curriculum for at-risk students? Special educational needs and disability in the newAustralian Curriculum.Journal Of Research In Special Educational Needs,15(4), 225-234. Moriarty, B., Bennet, M. (2016). Practicing Teachers Reflections: Indigenous Australian Student Mobility and Implications for Teacher Education.Social Inclusion,4(1), 32 Morton, M., Higgins, N., MacArthur, J., Phillips, H. (2013). Introduction to the special issue making inclusive education happen: Ideas for sustainable change.International Journal Of Inclusive Education,17(8), 753-761. Pearce, M., Gray, J., Campbell-Evans, G. (2009). The Inclusive Secondary Teacher: The Leaders Perspective.Australian Journal Of Teacher Education,34(6). Whitburn, B. (2014). National and international disability rights legislation: a qualitative account of its enactment in Australia.International Journal Of Inclusive Education,19(5), 518-529.

The Philippine Education System free essay sample

The education system of the country includes formal and non-formal education. Compared to other Asian countries, the  Philippine education  system differs in a number of ways. Secondary education The second level, secondary education, corresponds to four years of high school for age group of 12to 15, the prerequisite of  which is completion of elementary education. Higher education The third level is tertiary or higher education where a student enters at age 16. Higher educationconsists of collegiate, master’s and doctorate degree programs in various  fields or disciplines including the  post-secondary schooling leading to one-, two-  or three-year non-degree technical or vocational courses. As of 1998, there are 46,654 schools in all levels, of which, 85 percent is public (see Table  1).Of the38,774 elementary schools, 92 percent is public. In the secondary level, of the 6,598 schools, 60 percent is public. And of  the 1,282 higher education institutions, 20 percent is public. Enrolment statistics for all levels are shown in Table  2. 2. 2  Non-formal  education Non-formal education is an organized learning activity aimed at attaining a set of objectives outside the established formal system intended for a particular clientele, especially the out-of-school youth or adult illiterates who cannot avail themselves of formal education. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philippine Education System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The attainment of empowered and globally  competitive Filipinos shall be ensured through: 1)  provision of  undergraduate and graduate education which meet international standards of quality  and excellence; 2) generation and diffusion of knowledge in the  broad range of disciplines relevant and  responsive to the dynamically changing domestic and international environment; 3) broaden the access of  deserving and qualified Filipinos to  higher education opportunities; and  4) optimization of social, institutional, and individual returns and benefits derived from the utilization of  higher education resources. 3. 1  Coordination  of the  higher education  system Previously, the administration, supervision and regulation of higher education rests on  the Department of  Education, Culture and Sports (DECS) through its Bureau of  Higher Education.