Criminology Theories Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Criminology Theories - Research Paper Example In this regard, the science of Criminology can be considered that deals with an understanding of the nature of crimes that occur within a society, thereby focusing on determining the cause of the crime and the prime suspects associated with a crime (Siegel 5). In relation to this science, there are certain theories – demonology, classical, positivism, psychological – that can be associated with particular crimes, in this study the cases being the above mentioned ones. Let us in brief understand what these concepts mean in order to relate them to these cases, as discussed later in the study. The concept of demonology in criminology attributes an act of crime to other forces in the world and not the individual performing it (Einstadter and Stuart 31). Thus this would consider outside factors to have influenced an individual towards committing a crime. The classical theory of crime  stresses that humans are individuals who are independent,  and hence a criminal act is committed by them following  sensible and cautious reckoning; the execution of a crime gives more contentment  as compared to pain (â€Å"Classical Theory of Crime Causation†). Positivism theory deals with a systematic application of the scientific method, the investigations based on legal terms, and statistics related to it (â€Å"Positivism†). Here the actor is assumed to be focused on more than the act. Lastly, the psychological theories of crime are of the bel ief that differences in behaviour among individuals are capable of making some people more prone to committing crimes. These differences arise from factors like the personality characteristics, biological factors, or interactions in the society (â€Å"Psychological Theories of Crime†). In the current study these four theories would be studied to understand how they are associated with the cases of mass or serial murders as

Exchange Rate Cooperation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Exchange Rate Cooperation - Essay Example On the other hand, capital mobility hypothesis explains policymakers choice of exchange rate stability and monetary policy autonomy. Additionally, they explain European Community monetary policies congregated within Bundesbanks price stability standard. However, there are weaknesses in the development of the exchange rate cooperation. The weaknesses develop from the creation and evolution of exchange rate institutions and the policymakers’ ability in stabilizing exchange rates within the institutions. In solving these problems, domestic politics concerned with models of monetary policies and bargaining power needs to be developed. Exchange rate cooperation revolves around the dynamics of neoliberal institutions and capital mobility hypothesis. It is vital for the institution and capital mobility to have proper legislative in monetary politics to enable for the stability of exchange rate cooperation. In the book, Currency of Ideas and Monetary Politics, Kathleen R. McNamara argues that neoliberal consensus theory is not a function that directly raises capital; instead, it is the product of European political leaders’ interpretations of shared ideas (Kathleen 7). Additionally, an example of monetarist paradigm and German policy is used in explaining neoliberal consensus. Kathleen uses paradigms in explaining exchange rate cooperation across the world. Moreover, Kathleen argues that international economy shapes the terrain in which politics unfold. The interpretation of the structure and ideational processes dictate crucial choices of policy content and form. The book cautions against the making of assumptions about effects of economic interdependence on political results without tracing linkages of rising trade and capital flows. This uncertainty has very crucial consequences in the politics of monetary cooperation. Uncertainty obscures the distribution of effects in differ ences of exchange rate regimes (Kathleen 8). It has the high potential of depolarizing policy process by decreasing societal pressures for specific policies and insulating policymakers from public scrutiny.